Pharmacology and Intravenous Therapies Practice Exam

In cases of anaphylactic shock, epinephrine is the first-line medication due to its potent vasoconstrictive and bronchodilatory properties. When an individual experiences anaphylaxis, the body releases large amounts of histamine and other mediators, leading to life-threatening symptoms such as severe hypotension, airway swelling, and bronchoconstriction.

Epinephrine acts quickly to counter these effects by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors, which causes vasoconstriction and raises blood pressure. It simultaneously stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors, which leads to bronchodilation, improving respiratory function by relaxing the muscles around the airways. This rapid response is critical in anaphylaxis, where every moment counts, as delayed treatment can worsen the condition and lead to fatal outcomes.

Other medications like diphenhydramine, a histamine antagonist, may help alleviate symptoms of allergic reactions but do not provide the immediate life-saving effects required in anaphylaxis. Hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid, is useful for reducing inflammation but has a slower onset of action, making it inappropriate as an initial treatment. Albuterol, a bronchodilator typically used for asthma, may help with bronchospasm but does not address the crucial cardiovascular