What essential action should the nurse instruct the client to perform just before switching the intravenous tubing for parenteral nutrition?

Instructing the client to take a deep breath and hold it before switching the intravenous tubing for parenteral nutrition is essential for several reasons. This action can help reduce the risk of air embolism, which is a potential complication when a client has an intravenous line that needs to be disconnected or changed. When the client holds their breath, it creates a slight increase in intrathoracic pressure, which can help prevent air from being drawn into the bloodstream through the catheter during the tubing change.

In cases where the intravenous line is manipulated, there is a potential for air to enter the vascular system if the line is open to the environment. By holding their breath, the client helps to mitigate this risk, making the procedure safer.

Other options, while they may seem beneficial, do not specifically address the risk of complications associated with changing intravenous tubing. For instance, lying flat may provide comfort but does not specifically prevent air from entering the tubing. Drinking water may not be relevant unless dehydration is a concern, and clenching a fist might be indicative of preparing for a needle stick rather than a practical measure during tubing changes.