What is the mechanism of action for most corticosteroids in treating inflammation?

The mechanism of action for most corticosteroids in treating inflammation primarily involves the suppression of the immune response and the reduction of swelling. Corticosteroids achieve this through several biochemical pathways. They inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and decrease the production of various inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory enzymes. This leads to diminished inflammatory cell accumulation at the site of inflammation and a subsequent reduction in signs and symptoms of inflammation, such as swelling, redness, and pain.

This action is particularly beneficial in conditions characterized by excessive or inappropriate immune responses, such as allergies, autoimmune diseases, and various chronic inflammatory conditions. By dampening the immune response, corticosteroids help control inflammation effectively without directly targeting the pathogens responsible for it. This approach contrasts sharply with other treatments that may aim to enhance immune responses or blood flow to inflamed tissues.