Which medication requires monitoring for signs of agranulocytosis?

The medication that requires monitoring for signs of agranulocytosis is Carbamazepine. Agranulocytosis is a potentially severe side effect characterized by a dangerously low level of neutrophils, which increases the risk of serious infections due to the compromised immune system.

Carbamazepine, which is primarily used in the treatment of seizure disorders and bipolar disorder, can cause this adverse effect as it can affect bone marrow function. Regular monitoring of complete blood counts (CBC) is recommended for patients taking this medication to detect any drop in white blood cell (WBC) counts early. If agranulocytosis occurs, discontinuation of the medication is critical to prevent serious complications.

In contrast, Disulfiram is primarily used for alcohol dependence and does not have a significant association with agranulocytosis. Fluoxetine, an antidepressant in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class, also does not commonly require monitoring for agranulocytosis. Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, does not typically cause bone marrow suppression or agranulocytosis either. Thus, monitoring for signs of agranulocytosis is specifically indicated in patients receiving Carbamazepine.